ABSTRACT
Destruction of the earth and global climate change has now become a painful reality. Excessive exploitation of natural resources up to 1.7 times beyond the earth’s carrying capacity and contrary to nature-based development makes the dark future earth. Our earth, which is 4.5 billion years old, has been inhabited by around 7.3 billion people. The present and future population explosion require a giant leap to provide sufficient food to sustain life on earth. Lack of food, water, and energy supplies has triggered new widespread conflicts throughout the world. Located in tropical ecosystems, Indonesia is one of the megadiverse nations with the highest biological productivity in the world. However, these advantages are coming with a significant challenge. Having all of those natural potentials, Indonesia holds a crucial responsibility in global life cycle equilibration, not only in terms of environmental issues, such as climate change and biodiversity, but also a socio-economy-cultural issue. Therefore, balance management is needed to utilize the resources while preserving them for generations ahead wisely. Moreover, the challenge is even more significant with the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit the all-economy sector in the real world. In combination with the COVID-19 pandemic, global climate change could somehow obstruct the food sovereignty program that the Indonesian government has formulated. However, with solid food security and sovereignty system integrated from upstream to downstream, Indonesia could build a strong foundation for national food sovereignty. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Macrofungi is one of bio-medicinal sources containing various bioactive compounds, such as β-glucans, which are scientifically proven as immunity booster against coronavirus, including Covid-19. Lawu Mountain Forest has been reported as one of the macro fungi-rich ecosystems in Java. Due to its unique geography, each side of the mountain has a different climate with the southern slope is typically more suitable for various species of mushroom to grow. The aims of this study were to assess fungal diversity in the southern slope of Lawu Mountain Forest, and to ascertain their potential uses for medicinal purpose, particularly for boosting immunity against Covid-19. Cruise method was used to identify macroscopic fungi collected along the hiking trail of Lawu Mountain Forest at the elevation ranges of 1800- 3100 m asl. Their morphological characteristics, including color, diameter, veil surface, lamella (ring and pore, type of lamella, and volva), stem shape, length and diameter, were observed. The study found 46 species from 15 families of macrofungi. Seven species potentially containing bioactive compounds as immunomodulator for boosting immunity were Auricularia auricula, Cerrena unicolor, Lentinus edodes, Pleuretus ostreatus, Stereum hirsutum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor.